EL Nino: reason and their impacts in future

Over the past several years, many have been witnessing bizarre weather patterns. Occasionally, the summer is very hot, rain does not come when needed and droughts set in in many locations. In these

conversations, one word comes up — El Nino.

So, what is El Niño anyway? Why does it happen? What does this do to the nations such as India?

Don’t worry. This article will be about everything that are easy to understand without any complex scientific terms. Consider this to be the same as a friendly explanation over tea with a friend.

What is El Nino?: A climate condition

El Nino is a climate condition that present in the Pacific Ocean. It is the result of the warm, abnormally warm surface waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.

Now one can ask, “How can the sea-water influence the weather in India?”

The surprising bit is that! The ocean is intricately linked with the weather. The oceans have global impacts on the weather and climate, including on rain, winds, agriculture, and temperatures, due to even minor changes in their temperature.

El Nino is occurs in every two of years and can last from many months.

El Niño means:

El Nino stems from the Spanish language and is a translation of “little boy” or “Christ child”. This warm water phenomenon was first observed by South American fishermen at the time of Christmas many years ago, hence the name.

Today, this term is used by scientists around the world when they are talking about climate condition.

The main reasons for El Nino are:

Now let's try to gain an understanding of why El Nino exists in a simplified manner.

1. Weak Trade Winds

Overall, strong winds called trade winds blow warm sea water to Asia and Australia.

But during El Nino, these winds become weak.

As a result:

• Warm water flows back towards South America
• In the Pacific the sea temperature rises.In the Pacific, temperatures get warmer in the ocean.
• Climate variations occur on a global scale
• This is one of the primary factors that lead to El Nino.

2. Change of Ocean Temperature

The temperature of the ocean is not always the same. Sea surface temperatures can also be raised by natural climate cycles, from time to time.

El Nino conditions begin to form when the Pacific Ocean is warmer than normal for an extended amount of time.

A tempreture is warm more than past year that will be affect other countries.

3. Climate Change

Many people think that the maximun weather is cause  climate change.

Because of:

• Global warming that lead to ozone layer depletion
• Rising sea temperatures
• Increasing greenhouse gases (CFCs)

The intensity of El Nino events may increase in the future.

El Niño's effects are not necessarily caused by climate change, but can be amplified by climate change.

Impacts of El Nino

Now let us talk about the important part. How El Nino affects our daily life.

1. Weakend Monsoon in India

• India based on heavy monsoon rains for farming and water source.
• El Nino affects India in a way.
• During El Nino years India can face a lot of problems.
• Rainfall may reduce.
• The monsoon becomes weaker.
• Some areas face drought.
• This affect mainly farmers because of El Nino impacts their crops and they need rainfall to healthy growth.
• I still remember one summer an one issue in many towns because of water shortage.
• News channels were constantly talking about monsoon and rising temperatures.
• Situations like these are often linked with El Nino effects on our life.

2. Increase in Heatwaves

• El Nino can make temperatures rise sharply.
• This leads to summer heat and heatwaves.
• El Nino also causes health problems.
• In Indian cities summers are already difficult.
• During El Nino years conditions can affect people living in these cities.
• People who  all are working outdoors affect the most from El Nino effects.

3. Problems for Farmers

• Agriculture depends on weather conditions.
• El Nino can cause crop failure and water shortages.
• This results in production of crops like rice, sugarcane, wheat and other crops that farmers grow.
• Farmers may face losses if rainfall becomes irregular due to El Nino.
• This also affects food prices in markets because El Nino impacts the crops that farmers grow.

4. Water Scarcity

• When rainfall decreases due to El Nino rivers dry up.
• Reservoir levels. Groundwater reduces.
• Cities may face water supply issues because of El Nino effects.
• In some places people even depend on water tankers during drought periods caused by El Nino.

5. Impact on Economy

• Weather affects the economy more than many people realise.
• If farming suffers due to El Nino, food prices increase.
• Inflation. Rural income decreases.
• Governments may also spend money managing drought conditions and providing support to affected areas because of El Nino impacts, on the economy.

6. Forest Fires and Environmental Damage

When the weather is hot and dry outside Forest Fires are more likely to occur. This type of weather also hurts the wildlife and the Dry vegetation that Forest Fires damage.

Many countries experience Forest Fires when El Nino events happen.

This causes problems for the environment and our health because Forest Fires can be very dangerous.

7. Global Weather Disturbances

El Nino does not just affect India it affects other countries too.

El Nino can bring rains to some countries and big Floods, huge Storms and severe Droughts to other areas.

That is why El Nino is considered a Global Weather event that affects many countries.

Is El Nino Dangerous?

No El Nino is not always dangerous.

While El Nino causes problems in some places some areas might get rainfall or milder winters because of El Nino.

For India, where farming and water supply depends on monsoon rains El Nino is a  big challenge.

How can we face EL Nino?

We cannot stop El Nino from happening. We can prepare for El Nino.

Important things to do include saving water making irrigation systems better planting crops that can survive drought using weather forecasts and reducing pollution that affects the environment and El Nino.

It is difficult to understand  some people what is happening with the climate and El Nino.

 Role of Technology

New technology helps scientists predict El Nino early before it happens.

They use Satellites, Ocean monitoring systems and Weather models to forecast when El Nino might happen and affect the environment.

This helps governments and farmers prepare before El Nino causes problems for them and the environment.

Final Thoughts

El Nino affects our life in big ways from heatwaves and weak monsoons to food prices and water shortages that El Nino causes.

El Nino affects people around the world not just in one country.

As the climate changes it is essential to understand the weather and El Nino.

The good thing is that if we are more aware of El Nino use technology and prepare for El Nino we can reduce the effects of El Nino, on the environment and our lives.